Reproduction in the male dromedary ( Camelus dromedarius ): A review
Identifieur interne : 001293 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001292; suivant : 001294Reproduction in the male dromedary ( Camelus dromedarius ): A review
Auteurs : A. B. Elwishy [Égypte]Source :
- Animal Reproduction Science [ 0378-4320 ] ; 1988.
Abstract
Mature male camels show seasonal sexual activity known as rut or musth, characterized by a dramatic increase in androgen levels in the blood with intensive sexual desire and extremely aggressive behaviour. A marked increase in size of the testes, mainly attributed to increase in size of Leydig cells and diameter of the seminiferous tubules, occurs during this season. Spermatogenesis, although most active during the rut season, is continuous throughout the year. Breeding activity is not strictly limited to the rut season but can be initiated at other times as well.The testes of the camel are located in the perineal area close to the body. They are absolutely and relatively small in relation to the size of the animal, but substantial variation between breeds can be inferred.In spite of the absence of vesicular glands in the camel, fructose and citric acid concentrations in the seminal plasma are fairly high. Both attributes are found in tissues of the prostate, bulbourethral glands, the ampullae and the urethra. Seasonal changes in weight of the accessory genital glands are correlated with testicular activity.The camel's prepuce is a large muscular, cone-shaped mass with a caudally directed preputial orifice in the non-erect state. The penis is of the fibroelastic type with a prescrotal sigmoid flexure and a sickle-shaped free end which contains hyaline and elastic cartilage. The urethra terminates on the dorsal surface of a small conical urethral process which lies on the left side of the free end. Two dorsal and two ventral ischiocavernosus muscles are related to the crura of the penis.Copulation occurs when the female is in sternal recumbency and the male grips her with the forelegs. Copulation lasts 11–15 min on average with feeble friction movements.Semen collection from camels is possible by the artificial vagina and by electroejaculation. Ejaculates are viscous just after collection but liquify after a short period. The total length of the camel spermatozoon is less than that of other domestic animals. The shape of the head is elliptical in contrast to the general ovoid shape of the spermatozoa of artiodactylids.
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DOI: 10.1016/0378-4320(88)90060-7
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